Node-red🔗
Node-RED 是一种事件驱动应用程序的低代码编程工具，用于以新颖有趣的方式将硬件设备、API 和在线服务连接在一起。
特点
- 提供了一个基于浏览器的流编辑器，可以使用面板中的广泛节点(node)轻松将流（flow)连接在一起，只需单击即可部署运行。
- 包存储库中有超过 225,000 个模块，同时可以在富文本编辑器中创建 JavaScript 函数。
- 轻量级运行时建立在 Node.js 之上，充分利用了其事件驱动的非阻塞模型。这使其非常适合在 Raspberry Pi 等低成本硬件以及云中运行在网络边缘。
快速开始
在本地运行
系统环境：ubuntu
先决条件：Node.js
安装命令(该命令会将 Node-RED 安装为全局模块及其依赖项)
# ubuntu下使用npm
sudo npm install -g --unsafe-perm node-red
# window
npm install -g --unsafe-perm node-red
# 运行，通过将浏览器指向http://localhost:1880来访问 Node-RED 编辑器。
node-red
# 推荐：使用 docker 安装并运行
docker run -it -p 1880:1880 --name mynodered nodered/node-red
在设备上
设备：能源控制器
使用docker方式部署，快捷有效，部署环境和开发环境一致。
设备：树莓派
提供了一个脚本来将 Node.js、npm 和 Node-RED 安装到 Raspberry Pi 上
bash <(curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/node-red/linux-installers/master/deb/update-nodejs-and-nodered)
# 由于 Raspberry Pi 的内存有限，使用替代命令并传入 max-old-space-size参数。
node-red-pi --max-old-space-size=256
# 开机自启动
sudo systemctl enable nodered.service
sudo systemctl disable nodered.service
如果在树莓派桌面上使用浏览器，可以打开地址：http://localhost:1880。
从另一台机器浏览时，使用 Pi 的主机名或 IP 地址：http://<hostname>:1880。通过hostname -I找到 IP 地址。
设备：安卓
使用应用商店中的Termux应用可以轻松地在 Android 设备上运行 Node-RED。
在云端
IBM cloud、AWS、微软 Azure
在 Docker 下运行
Node-RED 可以在 Docker 下以多种方式运行，并且支持多种架构（amd64、arm32v6、arm32v7、arm64v8 和 s390x）。
基本命令
Node-RED 在Docker Hub上的存储库为nodered/node-red.
# 无需知道/指定系统架构，运行以下命令来拉取匹配的镜像，并运行容器。
docker run -it -p 1880:1880 -v node_red_data:/data --name mynodered nodered/node-red:latest （大小500MB）
# 指定标签
docker run -it -p 1880:1880 -v node_red_data:/data --name mynodered nodered/node-red:1.3.5-12-arm32v7 （大小150MB）
docker run -it -p 1880:1880 -v node_red_data:/data --name mynodered nodered/node-red:1.3.5-12-minimal-arm32v7（最小版本不包含构建工具或对项目的支持。大小60MB）
# 其他涉及命令与docker一致
docker attach mynodered
docker start mynodered
docker stop mynodered
docker exec -it mynodered /bin/bash
## 用户数据管理
# 使用主机目录进行持久化（绑定挂载）
docker run -it -p 1880:1880 -v /home/.node-red:/data --name mynodered nodered/node-red
# 使用命名数据卷（可以销毁容器并启动一个新实例，而不会丢失用户数据）
docker volume create --name node_red_data
docker volume ls
# 在容器运行时从挂载的卷中备份数据
docker cp mynodered:/data /your/backup/directory
# 更新容器
docker pull nodered/node-red
docker stop mynodered
docker rm mynodered
docker run -it -p 1880:1880 -v node_red_data:/data --name mynodered nodered/node-red
链接容器
使用 Docker桥接网络在“内部”链接其他容器。
# 创建一个名为iot的新网桥
docker network create iot
# 所有需要通信的容器都需要使用–network命令行选项添加到同一个网桥
docker run -itd --network iot --name mybroker eclipse-mosquitto mosquitto -c /mosquitto-no-auth.conf （Eclipse Mosquitto 是一个开源MQTT代理）
docker run -itd -p 1880:1880 -v node_red_data:/data --network iot --name mynodered nodered/node-red （使用主机名mybroker从 Node-RED 应用程序访问代理）
简单流程：显示连接到代理的 mqtt 节点
[{"id":"c51cbf73.d90738","type":"mqtt in","z":"3fa278ec.8cbaf","name":"","topic":"test","broker":"5673f1d5.dd5f1","x":290,"y":240,"wires":[["7781c73.639b8b8"]]},{"id":"7008d6ef.b6ee38","type":"mqtt out","z":"3fa278ec.8cbaf","name":"","topic":"test","qos":"","retain":"","broker":"5673f1d5.dd5f1","x":517,"y":131,"wires":[]},{"id":"ef5b970c.7c864","type":"inject","z":"3fa278ec.8cbaf","name":"","repeat":"","crontab":"","once":false,"topic":"","payload":"","payloadType":"date","x":290,"y":153,"wires":[["7008d6ef.b6ee38"]]},{"id":"7781c73.639b8b8","type":"debug","z":"3fa278ec.8cbaf","name":"","active":true,"tosidebar":true,"console":false,"tostatus":true,"complete":"payload","targetType":"msg","statusVal":"payload","statusType":"auto","x":505,"y":257,"wires":[]},{"id":"5673f1d5.dd5f1","type":"mqtt-broker","z":"","name":"","broker":"mybroker","port":"1883","clientid":"","usetls":false,"compatmode":false,"keepalive":"15","cleansession":true,"birthTopic":"","birthQos":"0","birthRetain":"false","birthPayload":"","closeTopic":"","closeRetain":"false","closePayload":"","willTopic":"","willQos":"0","willRetain":"false","willPayload":""}]
访问设备
要访问主机串行端口，需要将容器添加到dialout组中
docker run -it -p 1880:1880 -v node_red_data:/data --group-add dialout --name mynodered nodered/node-red
从容器内的主机访问设备，例如串行端口，使用 --device 来传递访问权限。
docker run -it -p 1880:1880 -v node_red_data:/data --name mynodered --device=/dev/ttyACM0 nodered/node-red
Node-RED 开发手册
flow示例
Shell
[
{
"id": "de8f29bbb9aab3e6",
"type": "tab",
"label": "Shell",
"disabled": false,
"info": "",
"env": []
},
{
"id": "8453d33f97379298",
"type": "exec",
"z": "de8f29bbb9aab3e6",
"command": "pwd",
"addpay": "",
"append": "",
"useSpawn": "false",
"timer": "",
"winHide": false,
"oldrc": false,
"name": "",
"x": 310,
"y": 120,
"wires": [
[
"3627de9d03f0f8d5"
],
[],
[]
]
},
{
"id": "3627de9d03f0f8d5",
"type": "debug",
"z": "de8f29bbb9aab3e6",
"name": "",
"active": true,
"tosidebar": true,
"console": false,
"tostatus": true,
"complete": "payload",
"targetType": "msg",
"statusVal": "payload",
"statusType": "auto",
"x": 510,
"y": 120,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "7e7f3063aee5bf37",
"type": "inject",
"z": "de8f29bbb9aab3e6",
"name": "",
"props": [
{
"p": "topic",
"vt": "str"
}
],
"repeat": "",
"crontab": "",
"once": false,
"onceDelay": 0.1,
"topic": "",
"x": 170,
"y": 120,
"wires": [
[
"8453d33f97379298"
]
]
},
{
"id": "ec8df97e20078874",
"type": "inject",
"z": "de8f29bbb9aab3e6",
"name": "Force",
"props": [
{
"p": "payload"
},
{
"p": "topic",
"vt": "str"
}
],
"repeat": "",
"crontab": "",
"once": false,
"onceDelay": "",
"topic": "",
"payloadType": "date",
"x": 130,
"y": 280,
"wires": [
[
"85badd126c83efd8"
]
]
},
{
"id": "4149966e30037ead",
"type": "debug",
"z": "de8f29bbb9aab3e6",
"name": "output",
"active": true,
"tosidebar": true,
"console": false,
"tostatus": true,
"complete": "true",
"targetType": "full",
"statusVal": "payload",
"statusType": "auto",
"x": 550,
"y": 220,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "5982ca0b8799f34c",
"type": "function",
"z": "de8f29bbb9aab3e6",
"name": "timeConvert",
"func": "if ( !msg.timestamp ) msg.timestamp = Math.round(+new Date());\n\nvar dt = new Date(msg.timestamp);\nvar msg = {\n\t'month':\tdt.getMonth() + 1,\n\t'day':\t\tdt.getDate(),\n\t'year':\t\tdt.getFullYear(),\n\t'hours':\tdt.getHours(),\n\t'mins':\t\tdt.getMinutes(),\n\t'msecs':\tdt.getMilliseconds()\n}\n\nreturn msg;",
"outputs": 1,
"noerr": 0,
"initialize": "",
"finalize": "",
"libs": [],
"x": 370,
"y": 200,
"wires": [
[
"4149966e30037ead"
]
]
},
{
"id": "85badd126c83efd8",
"type": "function",
"z": "de8f29bbb9aab3e6",
"name": "set timestamp",
"func": "msg.timestamp=1376763133 * 1000;\nreturn msg;",
"outputs": 1,
"noerr": 0,
"initialize": "",
"finalize": "",
"libs": [],
"x": 360,
"y": 280,
"wires": [
[
"5982ca0b8799f34c"
]
]
},
{
"id": "9195054339f827f6",
"type": "inject",
"z": "de8f29bbb9aab3e6",
"name": "时间戳",
"props": [
{
"p": "payload"
},
{
"p": "topic",
"vt": "str"
}
],
"repeat": "",
"crontab": "",
"once": false,
"onceDelay": "",
"topic": "",
"payloadType": "date",
"x": 130,
"y": 200,
"wires": [
[
"5982ca0b8799f34c"
]
]
}
]
mqtt
[
{
"id": "f6f2187d.f17ca8",
"type": "tab",
"label": "mqtt-flow",
"disabled": false,
"info": "",
"env": []
},
{
"id": "c51cbf73.d90738",
"type": "mqtt in",
"z": "f6f2187d.f17ca8",
"name": "",
"topic": "mybroker",
"qos": "2",
"datatype": "json",
"broker": "5d077b9fbd5a461e",
"nl": false,
"rap": false,
"inputs": 0,
"x": 140,
"y": 220,
"wires": [
[
"e8d7267d387f9d97"
]
]
},
{
"id": "7008d6ef.b6ee38",
"type": "mqtt out",
"z": "f6f2187d.f17ca8",
"name": "",
"topic": "mybroker",
"qos": "",
"retain": "",
"respTopic": "",
"contentType": "",
"userProps": "",
"correl": "",
"expiry": "",
"broker": "5d077b9fbd5a461e",
"x": 340,
"y": 140,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "ef5b970c.7c864",
"type": "inject",
"z": "f6f2187d.f17ca8",
"name": "",
"props": [
{
"p": "payload"
},
{
"p": "topic",
"vt": "str"
}
],
"repeat": "",
"crontab": "",
"once": false,
"onceDelay": "",
"topic": "",
"payloadType": "date",
"x": 170,
"y": 140,
"wires": [
[
"7008d6ef.b6ee38",
"a70b6f6afab0bdf3"
]
]
},
{
"id": "7781c73.639b8b8",
"type": "debug",
"z": "f6f2187d.f17ca8",
"name": "",
"active": true,
"tosidebar": true,
"console": false,
"tostatus": true,
"complete": "payload",
"targetType": "msg",
"statusVal": "payload",
"statusType": "auto",
"x": 530,
"y": 220,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "a70b6f6afab0bdf3",
"type": "debug",
"z": "f6f2187d.f17ca8",
"name": "",
"active": true,
"tosidebar": true,
"console": false,
"tostatus": true,
"complete": "payload",
"targetType": "msg",
"statusVal": "payload",
"statusType": "auto",
"x": 330,
"y": 80,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "e8d7267d387f9d97",
"type": "function",
"z": "f6f2187d.f17ca8",
"name": "Format timestamp",
"func": "// Create a Date object from the payload\nvar date = new Date(msg.payload);\n// Change the payload to be a formatted Date string\nmsg.payload = date.toString();\n// Return the message so it can be sent on\nreturn msg;",
"outputs": 1,
"noerr": 0,
"initialize": "",
"finalize": "",
"libs": [],
"x": 330,
"y": 220,
"wires": [
[
"7781c73.639b8b8"
]
]
},
{
"id": "5d077b9fbd5a461e",
"type": "mqtt-broker",
"name": "",
"broker": "127.0.0.1",
"port": "1883",
"clientid": "",
"autoConnect": true,
"usetls": false,
"protocolVersion": "4",
"keepalive": "60",
"cleansession": true,
"birthTopic": "",
"birthQos": "0",
"birthPayload": "",
"birthMsg": {},
"closeTopic": "",
"closeQos": "0",
"closePayload": "",
"closeMsg": {},
"willTopic": "",
"willQos": "0",
"willPayload": "",
"willMsg": {},
"sessionExpiry": ""
}
]
http
[
{
"id": "aa89849c33295c85",
"type": "tab",
"label": "http-flow",
"disabled": false,
"info": "",
"env": []
},
{
"id": "3b4b47a5.77a928",
"type": "inject",
"z": "aa89849c33295c85",
"name": "inject",
"props": [
{
"p": "payload"
},
{
"p": "topic",
"vt": "str"
}
],
"repeat": "",
"crontab": "",
"once": true,
"onceDelay": "",
"topic": "",
"payloadType": "date",
"x": 150,
"y": 120,
"wires": [
[
"dbc66e1b.fef19"
]
]
},
{
"id": "dbc66e1b.fef19",
"type": "function",
"z": "aa89849c33295c85",
"name": "getJoke",
"func": "const getJoke = function (firstname=\"Chuck\", lastname=\"Norris\") {\n \n let promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n msg.resolve = resolve;\n msg.reject = reject;\n });\n \n msg.url = `http://api.icndb.com/jokes/random?firstName=${firstname}&lastName=${lastname}`;\n msg.method = 'GET';\n \n node.send(Object.assign({}, msg));\n \n return promise;\n};\n\nglobal.set('getJoke', getJoke);",
"outputs": 1,
"noerr": 0,
"initialize": "",
"finalize": "",
"libs": [],
"x": 280,
"y": 120,
"wires": [
[
"7995241c.8025dc"
]
]
},
{
"id": "7995241c.8025dc",
"type": "http request",
"z": "aa89849c33295c85",
"name": "",
"method": "use",
"ret": "obj",
"paytoqs": "ignore",
"url": "",
"tls": "",
"persist": false,
"proxy": "",
"authType": "",
"senderr": false,
"x": 430,
"y": 120,
"wires": [
[
"d502bf3.123474"
]
]
},
{
"id": "a71e60af.8cb3a",
"type": "function",
"z": "aa89849c33295c85",
"name": "getJoke()",
"func": "const joke = global.get('getJoke')();\n\njoke.then(joke => {\n node.warn(joke);\n}).catch(error => {\n node.error(error);\n});",
"outputs": "0",
"noerr": 0,
"initialize": "",
"finalize": "",
"libs": [],
"x": 280,
"y": 220,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "d99782c4.32a13",
"type": "inject",
"z": "aa89849c33295c85",
"name": "run",
"props": [
{
"p": "payload"
},
{
"p": "topic",
"vt": "str"
}
],
"repeat": "",
"crontab": "",
"once": false,
"onceDelay": "",
"topic": "",
"payloadType": "date",
"x": 150,
"y": 220,
"wires": [
[
"a71e60af.8cb3a"
]
]
},
{
"id": "d502bf3.123474",
"type": "function",
"z": "aa89849c33295c85",
"name": "resolve",
"func": "msg.resolve(msg.payload.value.joke);\n\n// reject\n// setTimeout(function () {\n// msg.reject({message: 'Could not request joke'});\n// }, 2000);",
"outputs": "0",
"noerr": 0,
"initialize": "",
"finalize": "",
"libs": [],
"x": 580,
"y": 120,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "6cb62d4c.1bf0e4",
"type": "comment",
"z": "aa89849c33295c85",
"name": "use above flow",
"info": "",
"x": 160,
"y": 180,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "b948f89704b7460e",
"type": "debug",
"z": "aa89849c33295c85",
"name": "",
"active": true,
"tosidebar": true,
"console": false,
"tostatus": false,
"complete": "false",
"statusVal": "",
"statusType": "auto",
"x": 450,
"y": 220,
"wires": []
}
]
websockets
[
{
"id": "5a5ee5b0518e6201",
"type": "tab",
"label": "websockets-flow",
"disabled": false,
"info": "",
"env": []
},
{
"id": "b8edce4.ccd31b",
"type": "websocket in",
"z": "5a5ee5b0518e6201",
"name": "",
"server": "9cb2406a.8026b",
"client": "",
"x": 180,
"y": 300,
"wires": [
[
"dcfc3e96.f1e1b8"
]
]
},
{
"id": "42c48f04.f2198",
"type": "websocket out",
"z": "5a5ee5b0518e6201",
"name": "",
"server": "9cb2406a.8026b",
"client": "",
"x": 600,
"y": 300,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "bb8e83fc.b8afe",
"type": "change",
"z": "5a5ee5b0518e6201",
"name": "result",
"rules": [
{
"t": "set",
"p": "payload",
"pt": "msg",
"to": "{\t \"jsonrpc\": \"2.0\",\t \"result\": {\t \"ack\": $millis()\t },\t \"id\": payload.id\t}",
"tot": "jsonata"
}
],
"action": "",
"property": "",
"from": "",
"to": "",
"reg": false,
"x": 450,
"y": 300,
"wires": [
[
"42c48f04.f2198"
]
]
},
{
"id": "9736c3b8.651ad",
"type": "websocket out",
"z": "5a5ee5b0518e6201",
"name": "",
"server": "",
"client": "3a960f68.dfb54",
"x": 400,
"y": 120,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "ec2054f9.08769",
"type": "inject",
"z": "5a5ee5b0518e6201",
"name": "",
"props": [
{
"p": "payload"
},
{
"p": "topic",
"vt": "str"
}
],
"repeat": "",
"crontab": "",
"once": false,
"onceDelay": 0.1,
"topic": "",
"payload": "{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"method\":\"playerTap\",\"params\":{\"playerId\":\"2323232323\"},\"id\":1}",
"payloadType": "json",
"x": 170,
"y": 120,
"wires": [
[
"9736c3b8.651ad"
]
]
},
{
"id": "a2000ce8.ec378",
"type": "websocket in",
"z": "5a5ee5b0518e6201",
"name": "",
"server": "",
"client": "3a960f68.dfb54",
"x": 240,
"y": 180,
"wires": [
[
"cb80b54b.3468c"
]
]
},
{
"id": "33d59caf.687ccc",
"type": "debug",
"z": "5a5ee5b0518e6201",
"name": "",
"active": true,
"tosidebar": true,
"console": false,
"tostatus": false,
"complete": "false",
"x": 590,
"y": 180,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "569c2eb9.8c11c",
"type": "comment",
"z": "5a5ee5b0518e6201",
"name": "Server",
"info": "",
"x": 150,
"y": 240,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "6eea9aec.9e331c",
"type": "comment",
"z": "5a5ee5b0518e6201",
"name": "Client",
"info": "",
"x": 150,
"y": 80,
"wires": []
},
{
"id": "cb80b54b.3468c",
"type": "json",
"z": "5a5ee5b0518e6201",
"name": "",
"property": "payload",
"action": "",
"pretty": false,
"x": 450,
"y": 180,
"wires": [
[
"33d59caf.687ccc"
]
]
},
{
"id": "dcfc3e96.f1e1b8",
"type": "json",
"z": "5a5ee5b0518e6201",
"name": "",
"property": "payload",
"action": "obj",
"pretty": false,
"x": 330,
"y": 300,
"wires": [
[
"bb8e83fc.b8afe"
]
]
},
{
"id": "9cb2406a.8026b",
"type": "websocket-listener",
"path": "/ws/request",
"wholemsg": "false"
},
{
"id": "3a960f68.dfb54",
"type": "websocket-client",
"path": "ws://localhost:1880/ws/request",
"tls": "",
"wholemsg": "false"
}
]
csv文件解析
[
{
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python脚本
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serialport串口通信
从设置—节点管理—安装—搜索“serial port”，node-red现有3578 个可用模块。
使用python脚本创建两个虚拟串口进行测试，以下方式均无问题。
| node-red内串口通信 | √ |
|---|---|
| 外部输入-node-red串口接收 | √ |
| nodered串口输入-外部接收 | √ |
| node-red串口请求 | √ |
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下一步
- 了解如何保护您的编辑器：如何保护 Node-RED